Meta-analysis of the efficacy of small incision lenticule extraction for astigmatism correction after cyclotorsion compensation / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To compare the efficacy of and without small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)with cyclotorsion compensation for astigmatism correction.METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane and CNKI, VIP, CBM, and Wan Fang Data were searched for clinically controlled studies from January 2010 to August 2022, including an experimental group with cyclotorsion compensation during SMILE and a control group without cyclotorsion compensation during SMILE. After literature screening, quality evaluation, and data extraction by two researchers independently, the Meta-analysis of uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA), residual astigmatism, vector analysis indicators for measuring the astigmatism correction including absolute value of angle of error(|AE|)and magnitude error(ME), and post-operative total higher order aberrations, spherical aberration and coma was carried out with Stata 16.0 software.RESULTS: Seven studies with a total of 846 eyes(442 in the experimental group, 404 in the control group)were finally included. The Meta-analysis showed that there were significant differences in the percentage of eyes with residual astigmatism ≥1.00D(OR=0.17, 95%CI: 0.06～0.49, P<0.01), |AE|(WMD=-1.56, 95%CI: -2.68～-0.45, P<0.01), the coma(WMD=0.06, 95%CI: -0.08～-0.04, P<0.01), and the total higher order aberrations(WMD=-0.04, 95%CI: -0.06～-0.02, P<0.01). However, there were no differences in the postoperative UDVA(WMD=0.00, 95%CI: -0.02～0.01, P=0.54), residual astigmatism(WMD=0.08, 95%CI: -0.02～0.18, P=0.10), ME(WMD=-0.01, 95%CI: -0.14～0.12, P=0.85), and the spherical aberration(WMD=0.03, 95%CI: -0.07～0.13, P=0.52).CONCLUSION: Cyclotorsion compensation in SMILE can reduce the angular error caused by eye rotation during astigmatism correction. It also decreases postoperative residual astigmatism. Overall, the SMILE with cyclotorsion compensation is superior in clinical efficacy of the precise correction of astigmatism.

Clinical value of the MeltPro MTB assays in detection of drug-resistant tuberculosis in paraffin-embedded tissues / 中华病理学杂志

Objective: To evaluate the clinical value of the MeltPro MTB assays in the diagnosis of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used to retrospectively collect all 4 551 patients with confirmed tuberculosis between January 2018 and December 2019 at Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University. Phenotypic drug sensitivity test and GeneXpert MTB/RIF (hereafter referred to as "Xpert") assay were used as gold standards to analyze the accuracy of the probe melting curve method. The clinical value of this technique was also evaluated as a complementary method to conventional assays of drug resistance to increase the detective rate of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Results: By taking the phenotypic drug susceptibility test as the gold standard, the sensitivity of the MeltPro MTB assays to detect resistance to rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol and fluoroquinolone was 14/15, 95.7%(22/23), 2/4 and 8/9,respectively; and the specificity was 92.0%(115/125), 93.2%(109/117), 90.4%(123/136) and 93.9%(123/131),respectively; the overall concordance rate was 92.1%(95%CI:89.6%-94.1%),and the Kappa value of the consistency test was 0.63(95%CI:0.55-0.72).By taking the Xpert test results as the reference, the sensitivity of this technology to the detection of rifampicin resistance was 93.6%(44/47), the specificity was100%(310/310), the concordance rate was 99.2%(95%CI:97.6%-99.7%), and the Kappa value of the consistency test was 0.96(95%CI:0.93-0.99). The MeltPro MTB assays had been used in 4 551 confirmed patients; the proportion of patients who obtained effective drug resistance results increased from 83.3% to 87.8%(P<0.01); and detection rate of rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol, fluoroquinolone resistance, multidrug and pre-extensive drug resistance cases were increased by 3.2%, 14.7%, 22.2%, 13.7%, 11.2% and 12.5%, respectively. Conclusion: The MeltPro MTB assays show satisfactory accuracy in the diagnosis of drug-resistant tuberculosis. This molecular pathological test is an effective complementary method in improving test positivity of drug-resistant tuberculosis.

Exposure level of neonicotinoid pesticides and their metabolites in pregnant women in the suburb of Shanghai / 中华预防医学杂志

In 2021, a total of 151 pregnant women were selected from the suburb of Shanghai. A questionnaire survey was conducted to obtain data about maternal age, gestational week, total annual household income, education level and passive smoking among pregnant women and one spot urine was collected. The concentrations of eight neonicotinoid pesticides and four metabolites in urine were measured by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The differences in detection frequencies and concentrations of neonicotinoid pesticides and their metabolites among pregnant women with different characteristics were compared, and the influencing factors of the detection of neonicotinoid pesticides in urine were analyzed. The results showed that at least one neonicotinoid pesticide was detected in 93.4% (141 samples) of urine samples. The detection frequencies of N-desmethyl-acetamiprid, clothianidin, thiamethoxam, and N-desmethyl-clothianidin were high, about 78.1% (118 samples), 75.5% (114 samples), 68.9% (104 samples), and 44.4% (67 samples), respectively. The median concentration of the sum of all neonicotinoid pesticides was 2.66 μg/g. N-desmethyl-acetamiprid had the highest detection concentration with a median concentration of 1.04 μg/g. A lower urinary detection frequency of imidacloprid and its metabolites was seen in pregnant women aged 30-44 years [OR (95%CI): 0.23 (0.07-0.77)]. A higher detection frequency of clothianidin and its metabolites was seen in pregnant women with per capita annual household income≥100 000 yuan [OR (95%CI): 6.15 (1.56-24.28)]. There was widespread exposure to neonicotinoid pesticides and their metabolites in pregnant women from the suburb of Shanghai, which might pose potential health risks to pregnant women, and maternal age and household income were potential influencing factors of the exposure to neonicotinoid pesticides.

Prevention and treatment of pulmonary embolism after resection of head and neck cancer and research progress in targeted therapy of thrombus / 中华口腔医学杂志

Head and neck cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors, and its primary treatment methods are mainly surgical treatment combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Perioperative pulmonary embolism is a fatal complication that may occur in patients after surgery. At the same time, there is few relevant studies about the postoperative pulmonary embolism in head and neck cancer, and Head and neck surgeons may not attach enough importance to it due to its low incidence. Therefore, a correct understanding of essential knowledge for pulmonary embolism control plays a vital role. This article reviews the diagnosis and development of postoperative pulmonary embolism's as well as diagnosis and treatment and the targeted therapy of thrombus, aiming to increase awareness and provide new ideas.

Patent application of intelligent quality control technology in traditional Chinese medicine production process: a review / 中国中药杂志

In the new stage for intelligent manufacturing of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) from pilot demonstration to in-depth application and comprehensive promotion, how to raise the degree of intelligence for the process quality control system has become the bottleneck of the development of TCM production process control technology. This article has sorted out 226 TCM intelligent manufacturing projects that have been approved by the national and provincial governments since the implementation of the "Made in China 2025" plan and 145 related pharmaceutical enterprises. Then, the patents applied by these pharmaceutical enterprises were thoroughly retrieved, and 135 patents in terms of intelligent quality control technology in the production process were found. The technical details about intelligent quality control at both the unit levels such as cultivation, processing of crude herbs, preparation pretreatment, pharmaceutical preparations, and the production workshop level were reviewed from three aspects, i.e., intelligent quality sensing, intelligent process cognition, and intelligent process control. The results showed that intelligent quality control technologies have been preliminarily applied to the whole process of TCM production. The intelligence control of the extraction and concentration processes and the intelligent sensing of critical quality attributes are currently the focus of pharmaceutical enterprises. However, there is a lack of process cognitive patent technology for the TCM manufacturing process, which fails to meet the requirements of closed-loop integration of intelligent sensing and intelligent control technologies. It is suggested that in the future, with the help of artificial intelligence and machine learning methods, the process cognitive bottleneck of TCM production can be overcome, and the holistic quality formation mechanisms of TCM products can be elucidated. Moreover, key technologies for system integration and intelligent equipment are expected to be innovated and accelerated to enhance the quality uniformity and manufacturing reliability of TCM.

Manufacturing classification system for oral solid dosage forms of traditional Chinese medicines (Ⅱ): classification of tablets disintegration behavior / 中国中药杂志

In this paper, 50 batches of representative traditional Chinese medicine tablets were selected and the disintegration time was examined with the method in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The disintegration time and disintegration phenomenon were recorded, and the dissolution behaviors of water-soluble and ultraviolet-absorbent components during the disintegration process of tablets were characterized by self-control method. The results revealed that coating type and raw material type influenced the disintegration time of tablets. It was found that only 4% of traditional Chinese medicine tablets had obvious fragmentation during the disintegration process, while 96% of traditional Chinese medicine tablets showed gradual dissolution or dispersion. Furthermore, according to the disintegration speed, disintegration phenomenon, and whether the cumulative dissolution of measured components was > 90% at complete disintegration, a disintegration behavior classification system(DBCS) was created for the regular-release traditional Chinese medicine tablets. As a result, the disintegration behaviors of 50 batches of traditional Chinese medicine tablets were classified into four categories, i.e. ⅠA_2, ⅠB_1, ⅡB_1, and ⅡB_2. traditional Chinese medicine tablets(Class I) with disintegration time ≤ 30 min were defined to be rapid in disintegration, which can be the objective of optimization or improvement of Chinese herbal extract(semi extract) tablets. Different drug release models were used to fit the dissolution curve of traditional Chinese medicine tablets with gradual dissolution or dispersion phenomenon(i.e. Type B tablets). The results showed that the dissolution curves of water-soluble components in the disintegration process conformed to the zero order kinetics and the Ritger-Peppas model. It could be inferred that the disintegration mechanisms of type B tablets were a combination of dissolution controlled and swelling controlled mechanisms. This study contributes to understanding the disintegration behavior of traditional Chinese medicine tablets, and provides a reference for the design and improvement of disintegration performance of traditional Chinese medicine tablets.

Research progress and maturity assessment of continuous manufacturing of traditional Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

The pharmaceutical manufacturing model is gradually changing from intermittent manufacturing to continuous manufacturing and intelligent manufacturing. This paper briefly reviewed the supervision and research progress in continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing in China and abroad and described the definition and advantages of continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing. The continuous manufacturing of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) at the current stage was summarized in the following three terms: the enhancement of the continuity of intermittent manufacturing operations, the integration of continuous equipment to improve physical continuity between units, and the application of advanced process control strategies to improve process continuity. To achieve continuous manufacturing of TCM, the corresponding key technologies, such as material property characterization, process modeling and simulation, process analysis technology, and system integration, were analyzed from the process and equipment, respectively. It was proposed that the continuous manufacturing equipment system should have the characteristics of high speed, high response, and high reliability, "three high(H~3)" for short. Considering the characteristics and current situation of TCM manufacturing, based on the two dimensions of product quality control and production efficiency, a maturity assessment model for continuous manufacturing of TCM, consisting of operation continuity, equipment continuity, process continuity, and quality control continuity, was proposed to provide references for the application of continuous manufacturing technology for TCM. The implementation of continuous manufacturing or the application of key continuous manufacturing technologies in TCM can help to systematically integrate advanced pharmaceutical technology elements and promote the uniformity of TCM quality and the improvement of production efficiency.

Analysis of genomic information and biological characteristics of a bacteriophage against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in patients with median sternal incision infection / 中华烧伤杂志

Objective: To isolate and purify a bacteriophage against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and to analyze its genomic information and biological characteristics. Methods: The experimental research methods were adopted. MRSA (hereinafter referred to as host bacteria) solution was collected from the wound of a 63-year-old female patient with the median sternum incision infection admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University). The bacteriophage, named bacteriophage SAP23 was isolated and purified from the sewage of the Hospital by sewage co-culture method and double-layer agar plate method, and the plaque morphology was observed. The morphology of bacteriophage SAP23 was observed by transmission electron microscope after phosphotungstic acid negative staining. The whole genome of bacteriophage SAP23 was sequenced with NovaSeq PE15 platform after its DNA was prepared by sodium dodecyl sulfonate/protease cleavage scheme, and genomic analysis including sequence assembly, annotation, and phylogenetic tree were completed. The bacteriophage SAP23 solution was co-incubated with the host bacterial solution for 4 h at the multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 10.000 0, 1.000 0, 0.100 0, 0.010 0, 0.001 0, and 0.000 1, respectively, and then the bacteriophage titer was measured by the drip plate method to select the optimal MOI, with here and the following sample numbers of 3. The bacteriophage SAP23 solution was co-incubated with the host bacterial solution at the optimal MOI for 5, 10, and 15 min, respectively, and the bacteriophage titer was measured by the same method as mentioned above to select the optimal adsorption time. After the bacteriophage SAP23 solution was co-incubated with the host bacterial solution at the optimal MOI for the optimal adsorption time, the bacteriophage titers were measured by the same method as mentioned above at 0 (immediately), 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80, 100, and 120 min after culture, respectively, and a one-step growth curve was drawn. The bacteriophage SAP23 solution was incubated at 4, 37, 50, 60, 70, and 80 ℃ and pH 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 for 1 h, respectively, to determine its stability. A total of 41 MRSA strains stored in the Department of Microbiology of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University) were used to determine the host spectrum of bacteriophage SAP23. Results: The bacteriophage SAP23 could form a transparent plaque on the host bacteria double-layer agar plate. The bacteriophage SAP23 has a polyhedral head with (88±4) nm in diameter and a tail with (279±21) nm in length and (22.6±2.6) nm in width. The bacteriophage SAP23 has a linear, double-stranded DNA with a full length of 151 618 bp and 11 681 bp long terminal repeats sequence in the sequence ends. There were 220 open reading frames predicted and the bacteriophage could encode 4 transfer RNAs, while no resistance genes or virulence factors were found. The annotation function of bacteriophage SAP23 genes could be divided into 5 groups. The GenBank accession number was MZ427930. According to the genomic collinearity analysis, there were 5 local collinear blocks in the whole genome between the bacteriophage SAP23 and the chosen 6 Staphylococcus bacteriophages, while within or outside the local collinear region, there were still some differences. The bacteriophage SAP23 belonged to the Herelleviridae family, Twortvirinae subfamily, and Kayvirus genus. The optimal MOI of bacteriophage SAP23 was 0.010 0, and the optimal adsorption time was 10 min. The bacteriophage SAP23 had a latent period of 20 min, and a growth phase of 80 min. The bacteriophage SAP23 was able to remain stable at the temperature between 4 and 37 ℃ and at the pH values between 4 and 9. The bacteriophage SAP23 could lyse 3 of the 41 tested MRSA strains. Conclusions: The bacteriophage SAP23 is a member of the Herelleviridae family, Twortvirinae subfamily, and Kayvirus genus. The bacteriophage SAP23 has a good tolerance for temperature and acid-base and a short latent period, and can lyse MRSA effectively. The bacteriophage SAP23 is a new type of potent narrow-spectrum bacteriophage without virulence factors and resistance genes.

Preliminary observation of galvanic vestibular stimulation-vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in healthy young people / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#To introduce the method of galvanic vestibular stimulation-vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (GVS-VEMP) as well as to observe and analyze the parameters and elicited rate of GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP in healthy young people in China.@*Methods@#Twenty six normal young subjects were recruited for conventional examinations of GVS-VEMP. The subjects were 21-37 years old, average age was (25.8±3.7) years old, including 13 males and 13 females. The galvanic stimulation intensity of 3 mA/1 ms was used to evoke cVEMP and oVEMP on the sternocleidomastoid and inferior extraocular muscles respectively, and the intensity of stimulus was decreased until the response disappeared, the threshold, latency, amplitude, interval phase and interaural amplitude ratio(IAR) were calculated. SPSS18.0 software was used for statistical analysis.@*Results@#All subjects were elicited normal GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP under 3 mA/1 ms, the elicited rate was 100%. The threshold of GVS-cVEMP was (1.18±0.47) mA, p1 latency was (10.43±1.54) ms, n1 latency was (17.91±1.20) ms, the amplitude was (102.47±56.77) uV and IAR was (0.26±0.20). The threshold of GVS-oVEMP was (1.12±0.50) mA, n1 latency was (8.46±1.05) ms, p1 latency was (11.83±1.27) ms, the amplitude was (9.12±6.82) uV and IAR was (0.25±0.20). In terms of gender and lateral comparison, only the GVS-oVEMP amplitude was higher for male than for female, which had significant statistical difference (P<0.05), and there was no statistical difference in the other parameters between GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP.@*Conclusion@#GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP could be elicited in healthy youth population, and the parameters could provide reference for subsequent vestibular function evaluation.

Preparation and in vitro study of polyamide-amine dendrimer-loaded resveratrol / 中草药

Objective: The resveratrol nanocarrier complex (Res-PAMAM-Ac) was encapsulated by polyamide-amine dendrimer, its stability and safety was investigated. Methods: The blank carriers were synthesized by the divergence method and acetylated. Characterization of the nanocarriers was investigated by 1H-NMR and IR. The properties of carriers were investigated by particle size and zeta potential. Res-PAMAM-Ac was prepared by reverse-phase evaporation method, and the drug loading, encapsulation rate and stability were examined by HPLC. The cytotoxicity of nanocarriers and complex on human lung cancer A549 cells were investigated by MTT method. The biosafety of nanocarriers and complex was inspected by hemolysis test. Results: Res-PAMAM-Ac nanocarrier complex was synthesized successfully. The particle size of Res-PAMAM-Ac was (167.30 ± 21.70) nm, PDI was 0.115 ± 0.006 and the zeta potential was (19.27 ± 0.35) mV. The average drug loading of Res-PAMAM-Ac was (76.99 ± 1.30) mg/g and the encapsulation rate was (29.63 ± 2.7)%. The stability parameter (KE) was less than 0.15, no obvious drug precipitation was observed. Cytotoxicity tests showed that Res-PAMAM-Ac was less toxic to human lung cancer A549 cells when the concentration was below 30 μg/mL. The hemolysis rate of the nanocarriers and complex was less than 5%, which can be considered as biosafety. Conclusion: Res-PAMAM-Ac nanocarrier complex with uniform particle size, high stability, good drug loading and low toxicity was prepared.

: development and characteristics / 中国针灸

- () is clarified from three aspects: the development method, contents and clinical application, which could provide clinical practical strategies suitable for most patients for clinicians. Based on comprehensive literature search and summary of acupuncture practice, the best clinical research evidence is obtained according to the evidence-based method, the evidence-quality evaluation and recommendation grading are introduced. With ancient literature, famous experts' experience and expert consensus, the recommendations of acupuncture-moxibustion for primary dysmenorrhea are developed, which are safe, effective and applicable for clinical treatment. The could standardize the acupuncture treatment plan for primary dysmenorrhea.

Establishment of experimental method for bone-conducted vibration elicited vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials in healthy guinea pigs / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#To estabilsh animal methods of bone-conducted vibration elicited cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (BCV-cVEMP) and ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (BCV-oVEMP) in healthy guinea pigs.@*Methods@#Eleven healthy (250-350 g) and awake guinea pigs were selected and undertake conventional BCV-cVEMP and BCV-oVEMP examination in prone position. Parameters of waveforms were cauculated.@*Results@#The BCV-cVEMP and BCV-oVEMP both could be elicited in 100% (22/22) in guinea pigs respectively, threshold was (85.5±10.8)dB SPL and (90.7±10.6)dB SPL for cVEMP and oVEMP; n1 latency was (4.5±1.3)ms and (4.3±1.5)ms for cVEMP and oVEMP; p1 latency was (5.8±1.4)ms and (5.6±1.7)ms respectively; n1-p1 interwave latency was (1.2±0.4)ms for cVEMP and (1.4±0.6)ms for oVEMP, amplitude was (21.5±17.3)μV and (24.0±16.3)μV respectively.@*Conclusion@#Both BCV-cVEMP and BCV-oVEMP can be successfully elicited in healthy guinea pigs.

Suppression head impulse paradigm in healthy adult population: the values and features of the parameters / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#To observe the parameters of the results of suppression head impulse paradigm (SHIMP) in healthy adults, and to provide reference for evaluating vestibular oculomotor reflex function in patients with peripheral vertigo.@*Methods@#Fifty healthy adults, 22 males and 28 females, aged from 23-65 years, with an average age of (38.5±11.6) years, were recruited from January to March 2018. Parameters provided by the video head pulse software included the gains, the latency and the peak velocity of saccades, and comparison was made with head impulse paradigm (HIMP).@*Results@#All subjects were elicited anti-compensatory saccades in SHIMP. The normal values of left and right gains were 1.02 and 1.10 in HIMP, and 0.93 and 1.01 in SHIMP respectively. The left and right saccades latency were (201.1± 50.8)ms and (187.0± 42.9)ms, and the peak saccadic velocity were (302.7±58.5)°/s and (291.5±46.5)°/s in SHIMP; there were small but significant difference between two sides about gains in HIMP and SHIMP, as well as latency in SHIMP(P<0.05); there were small but significant difference between HIMP and SHIMP about gains in ipsilateral(P<0.01); there were no significant difference between two sides about peak saccadic velocity in SHIMP(P>0.05).@*Conclusions@#SHIMP can be used for the examination of vestibular oculomotor reflex function in adult population. It is easy to be operated and is convenient for clinical application. Combined with head pulse test, the function of the semicircular canal can be evaluated together.

The experimental study on endoplasmic reticulum stress-participated outer hair cell apoptosis in cadherin 23 gene mutant mice / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#To test the mechanism and upstream pathway of outer hair cell apoptosis in Cadherin 23 (Cdh23) gene mutant mice.@*Method@#The mutant Cdh23erl/erl(erl) mice were collected as the study group, while the C57BL/6J (B6) mice were chosen as the control group. A total of 70 mice per group were used in this study. The study group and control group underwent auditory-evoked brainstem response (ABR) tests at the same age. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was performed to detect outer hair cell(OHC) apoptosis. The qRT-PCR was conducted to test the expression of ER stress markers immunoglobulin-binding protein (BiP) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) mRNA. The expression and location of BiP and CHOP protein in OHC were detected by immunostaining. The expression of BiP protein in cochleae was identified by Western blot. The expression and location of CDH23 protein in OHC were discovered by immunostaining.@*Results@#The ABR thresholds in erl mice were significantly higher than those in B6 mice at the age of 1 and 3 months (both P<0.05). The surface preparation with TUNEL staining confirmed OHC apoptosis in erl mouse cochleae which showed a higher TUNEL positive cell ratio than B6 mouse(t=11.291, P<0.01). The ER stress marker Bip and Chop mRNA were upregulated in the erl mouse inner ear, when compared with those in the B6 mouse(both P<0.05). The BiP protein extracted from the erl mouse cochleae was significantly higher than that of B6 mouse measured by Western blot (t=3.66, P=0.02). Immunostaining showed that BiP and CHOP were highly detected in the OHC in erl mouse cochleae, and was mainly detected in the perinuclear region of OHC. However, a bare BiP and CHOP signal were shown in B6 mouse cochleae. The CDH23 protein was specifically localized at the top of the OHC in B6 mice, indicating the localization of the tip links in hair bundle stereocilia. On the contrary, the CDH23erl protein was found to be localized from the top to the nuclei of the OHC in erl mice. Portions of the CDH23erl proteins failed to reach the top of the hair bundles and remained in the OHC cytoplasm.@*Conclusion@#As the downstream response of the Cdh23 gene mutation, portions of the mutant CDH23erl protein was accumulated in ER lumen resulting in the increase of ER loading and ultimately triggered ER stress and hair cell apoptosis in erl mouse cochleae.

Effect of AÇaí (Euterpe oleracea) on lipid metabolism, immune substances and endocrine hormone in rats with deficiency-heat and deficiency-cold syndrome / 中国中药杂志

To study the effects of AÇaí(Euterpe oleracea) on lipid metabolism, immune substances and endocrine hormone level in rats with deficiency-heat and deficiency-cold syndrome. SD rats were divided into blank control group, deficiency-heat model group, deficiency-heat & Phellodendri Cortex group, deficiency-heat & AÇaí high dose and low dose groups, deficiency-cold model group, deficiency-cold & Cinnamomi Cortex group, deficiency-cold & AÇaí high dose and low dose groups. The rats received intramuscular injection of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (0.35 mg) or hydrocortisone sodium succinate (20 mg) for 21 days to set up deficiency-heat models and deficiency-cold models. Then the changes in fatmetabolism levels (FFA, LPL, HL) and immune indexes (IgG, IgM, C3 and C4) were detected by colorimeter; and the levels of endocrine hormone indexes (CORT, E2 and T) were detected by radioimmunoassay. The levels of FFA, LPL and HL in serum were reduced (P<0.01 or P<0.001); levels of IgG, IgM and C3 in serum were increased (P<0.05 or P<0.001); level of CORT in serum was increased (P<0.05) and the level of E2, E2/T in serum were reduced in the AÇaí high dose group (P<0.05). The effect of high dose AÇaí on fat metabolism was not obvious in deficiency-cold models, but the levels of IgG, IgM, C3 and CORT in serum were increased (P<0.05 or P<0.001). AÇaí was showed the same effect trend with Phellodendri Cortex in adjusting the levels of deficiency-heat rats; but unlike Cinnamomi Cortex, AÇaí was showed no obvious effect in adjusting the levels of deficiency-cold rats. In this experiment, homogeneous comparison and heterogeneous disproof were used to verify the cold nature of Çaí.

Pilot study on the functional evaluation of vestibular otolith-organ pathway in the stage of patients with Meniere disease / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#To observe the features of air-conducted sound elicited ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential(ACS-oVEMP) and cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential(ACS-cVEMP) in patients with Meniere disease (MD). To analyze the relationship between air-conducted sound elicited vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (ACS-VEMP) responses and clinical stages of disease, as well as its clinical application of cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in MD.@*Method@#Fifty six patients with MD and 50 normal subjects (100 ears) were recruited for conventional cVEMP and oVEMP examinations. Grades of vestibular function were also collected for patients with MD. The relationship between VEMPs abnormity, grades of vestibular function and clinical stages of MD were analyzed.@*Results@#The abnormal rates of cVEMP and oVEMP in MD patients were 57.1% (32/56) and 64.3% (36/56), which were significantly higher than those in normal subjects respectively (χ2=22.286, P=0.000; χ2=15.217, P=0.000). The abnormal rates of cVEMP and oVEMP in MD patients of stage Ⅰ to stage Ⅳ were 20.0% (1/5) and 40.0% (2/5), 50.0% (9/18) and 50.0% (9/18), 59.3% (16/27) and 70.4% (19/27), and 100.0% (6/6) and 100.0% (6/6) respectively. There was a significant difference in cVEMP abnormity between four stages of MD patients (P=0.046). Significant correlation was found between clinical stages and the grades of vestibular dysfunction (rs=0.417, P=0.001).@*Conclusions@#Dysfunction of vestibular otolithic organs and their input pathways in patients with MD can be detected by cVEMP and oVEMP tests. The abnormal rates of VEMP could show an gradually increasing trend with the development of MD stages. And the extent of vestibular lesions could be detected by cVEMP and oVEMP tests, which may provide a reference for clinical staging of MD.

Comparison of Histological, Microbiological, and Molecular Methods in Diagnosis of Patients with TBLN Having Different Anti-TB Treatment Background / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The influence of anti-tuberculosis (TB) treatment history on tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBLN) diagnosis is unclear. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the diagnostic methods, including histology, microbiology, and molecular tests, used for TBLN.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In this study, suspected patients with TBLN and having different anti-TB treatment background were enrolled. All the samples were tested simultaneously by histology, Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining, mycobacterial culture (culture), Xpert MTB/RIF (xpert), real-time PCR, and high-resolution melting curve PCR (HRM). Thereafter, the performance of these methods on samples with different anti-TB treatment background was assessed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In our study, 89 patients were prospectively included 82 patients with TBLN and 7 with other diseases. The overall sensitivities of Xpert, real-time PCR, histology, ZN staining, and culture were 86.6%, 69.5%, 58.5%, 43.9%, and 22.0%, respectively. The anti-TB treatment history revealed dramatic influences on the sensitivity of culture (P < 0.0001). In fact, the treatment that lasted over 3 months also influenced the sensitivity of Xpert (P < 0.05). However, the treatment history did not affect the performance of remaining tests (P > 0.05). For rifampicin drug susceptibility test (DST), the anti-TB treatment showed only significant influence on the success rate of culture DST (P = 0.001), but not on those of Xpert and HRM tests (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Other tests as well as culture should be considered for patients with TBLN having retreatment history or over 1-month treatment to avoid false negative results.</p>

Effect of Acaí (Euterpe oleracea) on biological expression characteristics of deficiency-heat and deficiency-cold rats / 中国中药杂志

To study the effects of Acaí on biological expression characteristics in rats with deficiency-heat and deficiency-cold syndromes, SD rats were divided into blank group, deficiency-heat model group, deficiency-heat+Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex group, deficiency-heat+Acaí high dose and low dose groups, deficiency-cold model group, deficiency-cold+Cinnamomi Cortex group, deficiency-cold+Acaí high dose and low dose groups. The rats were treated with intramuscular injection of hydrocortisone (20 mg•kg⁻¹) or dexamethasone sodium phosphate (0.35 mg•kg⁻¹) for 21 days to set up deficiency-heat model and deficiency-cold models. The levels of cAMP, cGMP, T3, T4 and rT3 were detected by radioimmunoassay. The levels of TP, UA, TC, TG and ALB were detected by colorimetry. The level of cAMP, cAMP/cGMP in serum were reduced in Acaí high dose group (P<0.05, P<0.001). The levels of T3, T4 and rT3 were significantly reduced in the Acaí high dose group (P<0.01, P<0.001, P<0.05). The levels of TP, UA, TC, TG and ALB were significantly reduced in the Acaí high dose group (P<0.001, P<0.05, P<0.05, P<0.05, P<0.01). However, Acaí had no obvious effects on deficiency-cold models. Acaí showed the same effect with Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex in adjusting the levels of deficiency-heat rats; but unlike Cinnamomi Cortex, Acaí showed no obvious effects in adjusting the levels of deficiency-cold rats.

Protective effects of paeoniflorin and albiflorin on chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression in mice / 中国天然药物

Paeonia lactiflora root (baishao in Chinese) is a commonly used herb in traditional Chinese medicines (TCM). Two isomers, paeoniflorin (PF) and albiflorin (AF), are isolated from P. lactiflora. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of PF and AF on myelosuppression induced by chemotherapy in mice and to explore the underlying mechanisms. The mouse myelosuppression model was established by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of cyclophosphamide (CP, 200 mg·kg(-1)). The blood cell counts were performed. The thymus index and spleen index were also determined and bone morrow histological examination was performed. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum and colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in plasma were measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA) and the serum levels of interleukin-3 (IL-3), granulocyte-macrophagecolony-stimulatingfactor (GM-CSF), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The levels of mRNA expression protein of IL-3, GM-CSF and G-CSF in spleen and bone marrow cells were determined respectively. PF and AF significantly increased the white blood cell (WBC) counts and reversed the atrophy of thymus. They also increased the serum levels of GM-CSF and IL-3 and the plasma level of G-CSF and reduced the level of TNF-α in serum. PF enhanced the mRNA level of IL-3 and AF enhanced the mRNA levels of GM-CSF and G-CSF in the spleen. PF and AF both increased the protein levels of GM-CSF and G-CSF in bone marrow cells. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that PF and AF promoted the recovery of bone marrow hemopoietic function in the mouse myelosuppression model.

Assessment of the operation standard and safety on the individual deep puncturing at Tianshu (ST 25) under CT / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the individual operation standard and safety on the deep puncturing at Tianshu (ST 25).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The deep insertion through the peritoneum about 1-2 millimeter was taken as individual standard depth at Tianshu (ST 25) for 39 patients. Using CT cross-section scanning and image surveying, the regression analysis was conducted on the impacts of abdominal circumference (AC,cm) to the peritoneum depth.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>It was concluded the formula for calculating the satisfactory depth of individual insertion at Tianshu (ST 25), depth = -0.562 + 0.045 x AC.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The depth of insertion, 1-2 millimeter through peritoneum at Tianshu (ST 25) is safe and feasible in acupuncture treatment, which can be used significantly as the reference and guidance for the assessment of clinical operation and safety on the deep puncturing of the other acupoints on the abdominal region.</p>